Java类自带了本地的clone()方法,该方法会返回现有实例的副本。如果要使用Java克隆,必须实现java.lang.Cloneable接口,以便它不会在运行时抛出CloneNotSupportedException。 如果clone()函数会返回对象副本,那么在什么情况下我们需要重写它? 让我们运行下面的java类来更好的理解。
import java.util.HashMap;import java.util.Iterator;/** * @author 三产 * @version 1.0 * @date 2017-03-21 * @QQGroup 213732117 * @website http://www.coderknock.com * @copyright Copyright 2017 拿客 coderknock.com All rights reserved. * @since JDK 1.8 */public class Clone implements Cloneable { private int id; private String name; private HashMapprops; public int getId() { return id; } public void setId(int id) { this.id = id; } public String getName() { return name; } public void setName(String name) { this.name = name; } public HashMap getProps() { return props; } public void setProps(HashMap props) { this.props = props; } public static void main(String[] args) throws CloneNotSupportedException { Clone ct1 = new Clone(); ct1.setId(1); ct1.setName("first"); HashMap hm = new HashMap(); hm.put("1", "first"); hm.put("2", "second"); hm.put("3", "third"); ct1.setProps(hm); // Using default clone() implementation Clone ct2 = (Clone) ct1.clone(); // Check whether the ct1 and ct2 attributes are same or different System.out.println("ct1 and ct2 HashMap == test: " + (ct1.getProps() == ct2.getProps())); // Lets see the effect of using default cloning ct1.getProps().put("4", "fourth"); System.out.println("ct1 props:" + ct2.getProps()); System.out.println("ct2 props:" + ct1.getProps()); ct1.setName("new"); System.out.println("ct1 name:" + ct1.getName()); System.out.println("ct2 name:" + ct2.getName()); }}
输出如下:
ct1 and ct2 HashMap == test: truect1 props:{1=first, 2=second, 3=third, 4=fourth}ct2 props:{1=first, 2=second, 3=third, 4=fourth}ct1 name:newct2 name:first
很明显,默认clone()函数使用的是浅复制的副本,ct2受ct1属性中的任何更改的影响,所以我们需要覆盖clone方法,这时我们反馈clone的注解。 在上面的类中添加下面代码:
public Clone clone() { System.out.println("invoking overridden clone method"); HashMaphm = new HashMap<>(); String key; Iterator it = this.props.keySet().iterator(); // 深复制属性 while (it.hasNext()) { key = it.next(); hm.put(key, this.props.get(key)); } Clone ct = new Clone(); ct.setId(this.id); ct.setName(this.name); ct.setProps(hm); return ct; }
再次运行:
ct1 and ct2 HashMap == test: falsect1 props:{1=first, 2=second, 3=third}ct2 props:{1=first, 2=second, 3=third, 4=fourth}ct1 name:newct2 name:first
这时,我们就可以发现深复制与浅复制的区别了。